1. Bile Acids
Longchang bile acids are the main active components of bile. In the enterohepatic circulation, they combine with fatty acids, emulsifying them and forming fat-soluble complexes that allow fatty acids to be absorbed through the membrane, thus completing digestion and absorption. All biochemical reactions in the body, especially enzymatic reactions, take place in aqueous solutions. Therefore, fats can only enter the fatty acid enzymatic hydrolysis process after being emulsified and forming fatty acid-emulsifier complexes. Since the enterohepatic circulation is not a completely closed loop, insufficient secretion of endogenous emulsifiers becomes the biggest factor affecting fat digestion and absorption. Feed-grade bile acids are high-performance fat emulsifiers. They can improve the activity of endogenous emulsifiers, compensate for insufficient secretion, and thus release the potential energy of feed. They promote fat digestion and absorption, protect the liver and gallbladder, improve livestock and poultry health, and increase feed utilization.
2. Acidifiers
These include citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and compound acidifiers. Adding appropriate amounts of acidifiers to pig diets can significantly increase daily weight gain and reduce feeding costs.
3. Calcium Formate Calcium formate, as a feed additive, is particularly suitable for weaned piglets. It can affect the proliferation of intestinal microorganisms, activate pepsinogen, improve the energy utilization of natural metabolites, increase feed conversion rate, prevent diarrhea and dysentery, and improve piglet survival rate and daily weight gain. Feed-grade calcium formate also has anti-mold and preservation effects. Adding calcium formate to feed releases trace amounts of formic acid in the animal's body, lowering the pH value of the gastrointestinal tract and acting as a buffer, which helps stabilize the pH value in the gastrointestinal tract. This inhibits the reproduction of harmful bacteria and promotes the growth of beneficial microorganisms, such as lactobacilli, thus covering the intestinal mucosa to prevent the invasion of toxins, thereby controlling and preventing bacterial diarrhea and dysentery. The typical addition amount is 1-1.5%. As an acidifier, calcium formate, compared with citric acid, does not deliquesce during feed production, has good fluidity, a neutral pH value, and will not cause equipment corrosion. Direct addition to feed can prevent the destruction of nutrients such as vitamins and amino acids, making it an ideal feed acidifier.
4. Sodium Diacetate (SDA)
Sodium diacetate is a stable feed preservative, acidulant, and improver. It appears as a white powder with an acetic acid odor, is hygroscopic, and highly soluble in water. Under natural conditions, sodium diacetate slowly releases acetic acid. Acetic acid can effectively penetrate the cell walls of moldy tissues, interfering with intercellular enzyme interactions and denaturing intracellular proteins, thus exerting antibacterial and antifungal effects. Using sodium diacetate maintains the bactericidal properties of acetic acid without compromising feed palatability due to excessive acidity. Therefore, SDA can prevent stored food and beverages from mold and spoilage, thus providing antifungal and preservation effects.
5. Growth Promoters:
Including quinolone, growth promoters, pig growth enhancers, hemolysin, liver residue, livestock and poultry supplements, and fattening agents.
6. Trace Elements:
Including copper, iron, zinc, cobalt, manganese, iodine, selenium, calcium, and phosphorus, which regulate metabolism, promote growth and development, enhance disease resistance, and improve feed utilization. Adding these additives can generally increase the daily weight gain of pigs by 10%-20% and reduce feed costs by 8%-10%.
7. Vitamins: Including vitamins A, D2, E, K3, B1, D3, B2, B6, C, and various other vitamins, choline, premixed feed additives for hogs, Vita-Fat, TedVita-80, French Fertilizer, Health Supplements, and Strengthening Supplements, etc. These can be scientifically selected and used according to the different breeds and growth stages of the pigs.
8. Amino Acids: Including 18 amino acids such as lysine, methionine, and glutamic acid, as well as supplements like Shengbao, Poultry and Livestock Supplements, Feed Yeast, Feather Meal, Earthworm Meal, and Feed Additives. Lysine and methionine additives are the most commonly used. Adding 0.2% lysine to the diet of pigs can increase daily weight gain by about 10%.
9. Antibiotics: Including aureomycin, salinomycin, tetracycline, bacitracin, lincomycin, Kangtai feed additives, and other supplements like Pig Treasure and Health Supplements.
10. Deworming and Health Preservation: Including Anbaoqiujing, Keqiufen, and Weibao-34.
11. Mold Prevention: Due to the high oil content of concentrated feeds such as rice bran and fishmeal, they are prone to oxidation and spoilage over long storage periods. Adding ethoxyquinoline can prevent feed oxidation, while adding propionic acid and sodium propionate can prevent mold growth. Adding cinnamon powder not only has a strong bactericidal effect but also provides aroma, palatability, medicinal benefits, and growth promotion.
12. Traditional Chinese Medicine: Including garlic, artemisia powder, pine needle powder, mirabilite, codonopsis leaves, maifanite, wild hawthorn, tangerine peel powder, eleutherococcus senticosus, atractylodes, and motherwort.
13. Buffering Feed: Including sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and calcium phosphate.
14. Flavoring Agents: Including monosodium glutamate, edible sodium chloride, citric acid, lactose, maltose, and hay.
15. Hormones: Including lactulose, growth promoters, and fattening agents.
